Structured Nutritional Data & Citations
Provolone: Nutritional Profile & Physical Properties
This section presents a comprehensive, data-driven analysis of Provolone cheese, detailing its nutritional composition and key physical characteristics.
1. Nutritional Composition per 100g
| Nutrient Category | Component | Value per 100g | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy | Calories | 351 | kcal |
| Kilojoules | 1469 | kJ | |
| Macronutrients | Protein | 25.5 | g |
| Total Fat | 27.2 | g | |
| - Saturated Fat | 17.0 | g | |
| - Monounsaturated | 7.5 | g | |
| - Polyunsaturated | 0.9 | g | |
| Carbohydrates | 2.1 | g | |
| - Sugars (Lactose) | 0.5 | g | |
| Fiber | 0 | g | |
| Other | Cholesterol | 87 | mg |
| Sodium | 764 | mg | |
| Water | 39.5 | g |
2. Nutritional Composition per Standard Serving (28g / 1 oz slice)
| Nutrient Category | Component | Value per 28g | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy | Calories | 98 | kcal |
| Kilojoules | 411 | kJ | |
| Macronutrients | Protein | 7.1 | g |
| Total Fat | 7.6 | g | |
| - Saturated Fat | 4.8 | g | |
| - Monounsaturated | 2.1 | g | |
| - Polyunsaturated | 0.3 | g | |
| Carbohydrates | 0.6 | g | |
| - Sugars (Lactose) | 0.1 | g | |
| Fiber | 0 | g | |
| Other | Cholesterol | 24 | mg |
| Sodium | 214 | mg | |
| Water | 11.1 | g |
3. Key Micronutrients (per 100g)
- Vitamins:
- Vitamin A: 270 µg RAE (30% DV)
- Vitamin B12: 1.0 µg (42% DV)
- Riboflavin (B2): 0.4 mg (31% DV)
- Minerals:
- Calcium: 750 mg (75% DV) - Excellent source.
- Phosphorus: 550 mg (44% DV)
- Zinc: 2.5 mg (23% DV)
- Selenium: 14 µg (25% DV)
- Antioxidants: Provolone, like other dairy products, contains small amounts of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), a naturally occurring fatty acid with potential antioxidant properties.
4. Functional Impact
- Glycemic Index (GI): Very Low (<15) - Due to minimal carbohydrate content.
- Glycemic Load (GL): Negligible (0-1) - Minimal impact on blood glucose levels.
- Satiety Score: High - The high protein and fat content contribute significantly to satiety, promoting fullness and potentially reducing subsequent food intake.
5. Physical Properties
- Density: Approximately 1.05 - 1.10 g/cm³ (for un-melted, firm Provolone). This can vary slightly with aging (Dolce vs. Piccante) and moisture content.
- Volumetric Contraction after Cooking (Melting): While the mass of the cheese remains constant (minus minor water evaporation), the volume occupied by the solid cheese structure decreases significantly as it melts and spreads. This is primarily a change in form factor and expansion of surface area, with an observed reduction in vertical height by up to 80-90% when fully melted and flattened, rather than true volumetric mass contraction. Water loss during melting is typically minimal (<5% of total mass).
6. Citations & References
- USDA FoodData Central. (n.d.). Provolone Cheese. FDC ID: 493519 (SR Legacy data). Retrieved from https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/493519/nutrients (Access date: [Insert Current Date])
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) - Office of Dietary Supplements. (n.d.). Calcium Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Retrieved from https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-HealthProfessional/ (Access date: [Insert Current Date])
- Atwater, W. O., & Woods, C. D. (1896). The Chemical Composition of American Food Materials. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. (Foundational data informing modern food composition databases).
Field Notes: Dr. Aria Vance
Subject: Provolone
Focus: Volumetric expansion/contraction, historical context, tracking challenges.
The Manual Tracking Problem
Dr. Aria Vance, Lead Nutrition Data Scientist at NutriSnap
Another Tuesday. Another deep dive. Today’s culinary quarry? Provolone. A seemingly innocuous, familiar cheese, right? Wrong. This stuff is a silent saboteur of dietary precision, a shape-shifting menace in the realm of nutrition tracking. My notes for today are less about its chemical makeup—that's all in Section 1, precise and clinical—and more about the sheer, frustrating human element of quantifying it.
Provolone. Ah, the history! It hails from Southern Italy, a beautiful, sun-drenched land. Naples, specifically, birthed this semi-hard, stretched-curd marvel. "Provolone" means "large provola," a nod to its smaller, globular cousin. It’s a cheese with personality, from the mild, buttery Provolone Dolce, aged mere months, to the sharp, piquant Provolone Piccante, which endures for over a year, developing a robust, almost spicy kick. This aging process, naturally, alters its moisture content, its density—subtly, yes, but enough to throw a wrench into our perfectly calibrated nutrition models. Who weighs their cheese before they slice it? Nobody!
And then there's the form factor. Most cheese, you get it in neat blocks, maybe pre-sliced. Provolone? Sometimes it's a giant, sausage-shaped log, often pear-shaped, hung from ropes. Rustic. Charming. An absolute nightmare to track. You carve off a chunk. You slice a sliver. Does that 'slice' match the generic 28-gram entry in your app? Highly unlikely. Every user's "slice" is a subjective, whimsical interpretation. This morphological mayhem is a core problem. People eyeball it. A thick-cut deli slice versus a paper-thin home slice. The caloric delta? Substantial. A chasm, even!
The problem only compounds when you consider its usage. It melts beautifully. Oh, the glory of provolone on a Philadelphia cheesesteak! Or layered into a lasagna, bubbling and golden. How, pray tell, does one accurately measure the mass of a melted, amorphous blob of cheese within a complex dish? You can't. You simply cannot. The barcode scanner is useless here. The kitchen scale, equally stumped, unless you’re weighing the entire cheesesteak and subtracting other components, which is... arduous. Tedious. A soul-crushing exercise in futility.
This, my friends, is why the old ways fail. Why even the most diligent tracker eventually throws their hands up in despair. The real world isn't a spreadsheet. It's messy. It's varied. It’s provolone, stretching across a hot hero, refusing to conform. It’s a behavioral science quandary, a nutritional blind spot. But there's a ghost in the machine now, a digital eye. This is where NutriSnap truly shines. Our AI doesn't just see cheese; it understands cheese. It deciphers the subtle clues in a photo – the texture, the browning, the melt characteristics, the relative size. It forensically analyzes the visual data, not just guessing, but estimating volume, and thereby mass, with a precision that manual tracking could only dream of. No more guesstimates. No more weighing every obscure, oddly-shaped morsel. Just snap a picture. Finally, a solution for the provolone problem.
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